Comisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica

IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK 24TH EDITION 2012

ISBN-13 978-2-9700514-6-6

ISSN 1026-2628

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface……………………………….. 3

The World Competitiveness Scoreboard ………………………….6

World Competitiveness Customized Rankings………….. 8

Why Competitiveness?…….. 15

What is the WCC Approach to Competitiveness?……………. 16

What is the World Competitiveness Yearbook?………………………. 17

What is World Competitiveness Online?………………………….. 18

What are Special Competitiveness Reports and Workshops?……………………. 19

Acknowledgements …………..20

The IMD World Competitiveness Center ……………………………………………..21

Partner Institutes ………………..22

Methodology in a Nutshell ……………………………………………..28

User’s Guide to the WCY ……………………………………………..29

The Competitiveness Roadmap 2012-2050…………………………….33

The World Competitiveness Breakdown Chart…………………38

List of Criteria ………………………40

Competitiveness Factor and Sub-Factor Rankings …………….50

National Competitiveness Profiles ………………………………..59

User’s Guide to National Competitiveness Profiles …….60

Statistical Tables ………………..299

User’s Guide to Statistical Tables ……………………………………………300

Appendices

Appendix I: Methodology and Principles of Analysis ………….480

Appendix II: Frequently Asked Questions………………………….. 485

Appendix III: The Fundamentals and History of Competitiveness ……………………………………………488

Appendix IV: Notes and Sources …………………………………………..504

Appendix V: Criteria excluded from Profiles ……………………..540

Appendix VI: Index to Criteria …………………………………………..541

ISBN 978-92-64-060104 (print)

ISBN 978-92-64-060111 (pdf)
Pages: 140
Published:
30 January 2012 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive summary: An overall assessment 

Chapter 1. The telecommunication sector in Mexico

·        The national context for telecommunications policies

·        Telecommunication market participants, market performance and the regulatory regime

·        Development of competition

Chapter 2. Regulatory structures and their reform

·        Regulatory institutions

·        The regulatory regime Regulations and related policy instruments in the telecommunication sector

·        Regulation of interconnection

·        Price regulation

·        Competition policy

·        Convergence in communication markets

·        Next generation access

·        Quality of service

·        Resource issues (spectrum, infrastructure sharing)

·        Universal service

·        International aspects

·        Consumer protection and empowerment

·        Streamlining regulation and application of competition principles

Chapter 3. Conclusions and recommendations
Annex A. Regulatory decisions and the judicial process (2005-2010)
Annex B. Ofcom vs. Cofetel: Competencies in telecommunications and spectrum policyAnnex C. Estimation of loss in consumer surplus resulting from excessive pricing

TABLE OF CONTENTS / TABLE DES MATIÈRES 

Abbreviations / Abréviations …………………………………………………7

Standard Footnotes / Notes types ……………………………………………… 15

Key Figures / Chiffres clés……………………………………….17

International Comparisons / Comparaisons internationals………………………. 23

Tables / Tableaux

R&D Expenditure and Personnel/Dépenses intérieurs et personnel de R-D

1. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) at current prices and PPPs

Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) aux prix et PPA courants ………………………………..24

2. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of GDP

Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) en pourcentage du PIB………………………………………….25

3. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) at 2005 prices and PPPs

Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) aux prix et PPA de 2005 ……………………………………..26

4. Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) per capita at current prices and PPPs

Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) par habitant aux prix et PPA courants …………………… 27

5. Estimated civil GERD (Gross domestic expenditure on R&D) as a percentage of GDP

Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) civiles estimées en pourcentage du PIB ………………28

6. Basic research expenditure as a percentage of GDP Dépenses en recherche fondamentale en pourcentage du PIB……………………………………….. 29

7. Total researchers in full-time equivalent Total chercheurs en équivalences plein-temps …………………………. 30

8. Total researchers in full-time equivalent per thousand total employment Total chercheurs en équivalences plein-temps pour mille emplois ……………………………………………….31

9. Total R&D personnel in full-time equivalent Personnel total de R-D en équivalences plein-temps…………………………………… 32

10. Total R&D personnel in full-time equivalent per thousand total employment Personnel total de R-D en équivalences plein-temps pour mille emplois ……………………….. 33

11. Industry-financed GERD (Gross domestic expenditure on R&D) as a percentage of GDP Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) financées par les entreprises en pourcentage du PIB ………………………………………. 34

12. Government-financed GERD (Gross domestic expenditure on R&D) as a percentage of GDP Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) financées par l’État en pourcentage du PIB …………….. 35

13. Percentage of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) financed by industry Pourcentage des Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) financé par les entreprises …… 36

14. Percentage of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) financed by government Pourcentage des Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) financé par l’État …………………..37

15. Percentage of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) financed by other national sources Pourcentage des Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) financé par d’autres sources nationales …………………………… 38

16. Percentage of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) financed by abroad Pourcentage des Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) financé par l’étranger …………..39

17. Percentage of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) performed by the business enterprise sector Pourcentage des Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) exécuté par le secteur des entreprises…………………………… 40

18. Percentage of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) performed by the higher education sector Pourcentage des Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) exécuté par le secteur

de l’enseignement supérieur……………………………….41

19. Percentage of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) performed by the government sector Pourcentage des Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) exécuté par le secteur de l’État …………………………………………….. 42

20. Percentage of Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) performed by the private non-profit sector Pourcentage des Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D (DIRD) exécuté par le secteur

des institutions sans but lucrative………………………………..43

21. Total researchers in headcount Total chercheurs en nombre de personnes physiques ………….. 44

22. Women researchers as a percentage of total researchers Femmes chercheurs en pourcentage du total des chercheurs …………………………. 45

23. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) at current prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) aux prix et PPA courants ……………. 46

24. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) as a percentage of GDP Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) en pourcentage du PIB……………………………………….. 47

25. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) at 2005 prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) aux prix et PPA de 2005…………48

26. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) as a percentage of value added in industry Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) en pourcentage de la valeur ajoutée des branches marchandes ……………………….. 49

27. Business enterprise researchers in full-time equivalent Chercheurs des entreprises en équivalences plein-temps ……………………………………………. 50

28. Business enterprise researchers as a percentage of national total Chercheurs des entreprises en pourcentage du total national………………………………. 51

29. Business enterprise researchers in full-time equivalent per thousand employment in industry Chercheurs des entreprises en équivalences plein-temps pour mille emplois dans  l’industrie……………………………. 52

30. Total business enterprise R&D personnel in full-time equivalent Personnel total de R-D des entreprises en équivalences plein-temps………………………….53

31. Total business enterprise R&D personnel as a percentage of national total Personnel total de R-D des entreprises en pourcentage du total national ………………………..54

32. Total business enterprise R&D personnel in full-time equivalent per thousand employment in industry Personnel total de R-D des entreprises en équivalences plein-temps pour mille emplois

dans l’industrie …………………… 55

33. Industry-financed BERD (Business enterprise expenditure on R&D) at 2005 prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) financées par les entreprises

aux prix et PPA de 2005…………………………………….. 56

34. Industry-financed BERD (Business enterprise expenditure on R&D) as a percentage of value added in industry Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) financées par les entreprises en pourcentage de la valeur ajoutée des branches marchandes ………………………… 57

35. Percentage of Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) financed by industry Pourcentage des Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) financé par les entreprises ……………………………………………. 58

36. Percentage of Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) financed by government Pourcentage des Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) financé par l’État…………………. 59

37. Percentage of Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) financed by other national sources Pourcentage des Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) financé par d’autres sources nationales ……………………………..60

38. Percentage of Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) financed by abroad Pourcentage des Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) financé par l’étranger ………….. 61

39. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) performed in the aerospace industry at current prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) exécutées dans l’industrie aérospatiale aux prix et PPA courants ……………………………… 62

40. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) performed in the electronic industry at current prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) exécutées dans l’industrie électronique aux prix et PPA courants ……………………………… 63

41. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) performed in the office machinery and computer industry at current prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) exécutées dans l’industrie des machines de bureau et ordinateurs aux prix et PPA courants……………………………… 64

42. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) performed in the pharmaceutical industry at current prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) exécutées dans l’industrie pharmaceutique aux prix et PPA courants ………………………………. 65

43. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) performed in the instruments industry at current prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) exécutées dans l’industrie des instruments aux prix et PPA courants……………………………… 66

44. Business enterprise expenditure on R&D (BERD) performed in service industries at current prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur des entreprises (DIRDE) exécutées dans les services aux prix et PPA courants ……… 67

45. Higher education expenditure on R&D (HERD) at current prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur de l’enseignement supérieur (DIRDES) aux prix et PPA courants ……… 68

46. Higher education expenditure on R&D (HERD) as a percentage of GDP Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur de l’enseignement supérieur (DIRDES) en pourcentage du PIB ………… 69

47. Higher education expenditure on R&D (HERD) at 2005 prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur de l’enseignement supérieur (DIRDES) aux prix et PPA de 2005……….. 70

48. Percentage of Higher education expenditure on R&D (HERD) financed by industry Pourcentage des Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur de l’enseignement supérieur (DIRDES) financé par les entreprises …………………………………………….. 71

49. Higher education researchers in full-time equivalent Chercheurs de l’enseignement supérieur en équivalences plein-temps ………………………………….. 72

50. Higher education researchers as a percentage of national total Chercheurs de l’enseignement supérieur en pourcentage du total national…………………………73

51. Higher education Total R&D personnel in full-time equivalent Personnel total de R-D de l’enseignement supérieur en équivalences plein-temps ……………………………………………. 74

52. Government intramural expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) at current prices and PPPs Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur de l’État (DIRDET) aux prix et PPA courants…………….. 75

53. Government intramural expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) as a percentage of GDP Dépenses intramuros de R-D du secteur de l’État (DIRDET) en pourcentage du PIB…………….. 76

54. Government intramural expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) at 2005 prices and PPPs Dépenses intra-muros de R-D du secteur de l’État (DIRDET) aux prix et PPA de 2005 …………….. 77

55. Percentage of Government intramural expenditure on R&D (GOVERD) financed by industry Pourcentage des Dépenses intra-muros de R-D du secteur de l’État (DIRDET) financé par les entreprises ………………. 78

56. Government researchers in full-time equivalent Chercheurs du secteur de l’État en équivalences plein-temps………………………………… 79

57. Government researchers as a percentage of national total Chercheurs du secteur de l’État en pourcentage du total national ……………………………………………. 80

58. Government Total R&D personnel in full-time equivalent Personnel total de R-D du secteur de l’État en équivalences plein-temps …………………………………. 81

Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&D (GBAORD) / Crédits budgétaires publics de R-D (CBPRD)

59. Total GBAORD (Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D) at current prices and PPPs Crédits budgétaires publics de R-D – Total (CBPRD) aux prix et PPA courants………………………………. 82

60. Defence Budget R&D Crédits de R-D pour la défense ……………………………………………. 83

61. Civil Budget R&D Crédits de R-D civile ……………………………………………. 84

62. Civil GBAORD by socio-economic objectives (million current PPP$) CBPRD civils par objectifs socio-économiques (millions $ PPA courantes) ………………………….. 85

R&D Expenditures of Foreign Affiliates / Dépenses de R-D des filiales étrangères

63. R&D expenditure of foreign affiliates at current prices and PPPs Dépenses de R-D des filiales étrangères aux prix et PPA courants ……………………………… 86

64. R&D expenditure of foreign affiliates as a percentage of R&D expenditures of enterprises Dépenses de R-D des filiales étrangères en pourcentage de celles des entreprises …………. 87

Patents / Brevets

65. Number of triadic patent families Nombres de familles triadiques de brevets ………………………….. 88

66. Share of countries in triadic patent families Parts des pays dans les familles triadiques de brevets ………….. 89

67. Number of patents in the ICT sector – applications filed under the PCT Nombre de demandes de brevets dans le secteur des TIC déposées au titre du PCT …………………….. 90

68. Number of patents in the biotechnology sector – Applications filed under the PCT Nombre de demandes de brevets dans le secteur des biotechnologies déposées au titre du PCT …………………………. 91

Technology Balance of Payments (TBP) / Balance des paiements technologiques (BPT)

69. Technology balance of payments: receipts Balance des paiements technologiques : recettes …………………………………………….. 92

70. Technology balance of payments: payments Balance des paiements technologiques : paiements….93

71. Technology balance of payments: payments as a percentage of GERD (Gross domestic expenditure on R&D) Balance des paiements technologiques : paiements en pourcentage de la DIRD

(Dépenses intérieures brutes de R-D ) …………………………………… 94

International Trade in Highly R&D-Intensive Industries /

Commerce international dans les industries à haute intensité de R-D

72. Trade balance and export market share: Aerospace industry Solde commercial et part de marché à l’exportation de l’industrie aérospatiale …………95

73. Trade balance and export market share: Electronic industry Solde commercial et part de marché à l’exportation de l’industrie électronique ………..96

74. Trade balance and export market share: Office machinery and computer industry Solde commercial et part de marché à l’exportation des industries des machines de bureau et ordinateurs……………………… 97

75. Trade balance and export market share: Pharmaceutical industry Solde commercial et part de marché à l’exportation de l’industrie pharmaceutique ……………………………………………..98

76. Trade balance and export market share: Instruments industry Solde commercial et part de marché à l’exportation de l’industrie des instruments………………………….. 99

General Methodology ……….. 101

Données de R-D (Tableaux 1 à 62)

R&D Data (Tables 1 to 62) …. 102

R&D Expenditures of Foreign Affiliates (Tables 63 and 64)

Dépenses de R-D des filiales étrangères (Tableaux 63 et 64) …………………………………………….109

Patents (Tables 65 to 68)

Brevets (Tableaux 65 à 68) ………………………………………….. 109

Technology Balance of Payments (TBP) (Tables 69 to 71)

Balance des paiements technologiques (BPT) (Tableaux 69 à 71) …………………………….. 111

Trade Balance and Export Market Shares for R&D-Intensive Industries (Tables 72 to 76)

Solde commercial et parts de marché à l’exportation des industries intensives en R-D

(Tableaux 72 à 76) …………….. 112

Annex / Annexe 1. National Specifications / Particularités nationales…………………………..115

Annex / Annexe 2. Background Economic Indicators / Séries économiques de conversion………………………… 141

A. Gross domestic product at current prices and PPPs

Produit intérieur brut aux prix et PPA courants ……………………. 142

B. Implicit GDP price indices

Indices implicites de prix du PIB …………………………………………… 143

C. Purchasing power parities

Parités de pouvoir d’achat …………………………………………… 144

D. Value added in industry at current prices and PPPs

Valeur ajoutée des branches marchandes aux prix et PPA courants………………………………145

E. Total population

Population totale……………….. 146

F. Total employment

Emploi total ………………………. 147

G. Industrial employment

Emploi total dans l’industrie ………………………………………….. 148

H. Exchange rates

Taux de change …………………. 149

Annex / Annexe 3. List of Indicators for the Electronic Publication………………………… 151

Liste des indicateurs de la publication électronique…………………………………………….155

ISBN 978-92-64-11869-0 (print)

ISBN 978-92-64-11870-6 (PDF)

Pages: 154

Published: 16 Sep 2011

Table of contents

Executive summary…………….11

Chapter 1. Towards the next generation of public services……………………………………………. 15

From e-government to m-government ………………………..16

Growth of mobile technologies …………………………………………….17

Underlying concepts and motivational factors…………….18

Policy formulation and priority setting ………………………………….21

Bibliography……………………….. 23

Chapter 2. Benefits and outcomes of m-government…………………………………………… 25

Expanding governments’ capacity ……………………………… 26

Transformational stages of e-government ……………………….. 27

G2C applications and services …………………………………………… 28

G2G applications and services …………………………………………… 36

G2B applications and services …………………………………………….37

G2E applications and services ………………………………………….. 38

M-Government – Benefits for governments …………………….. 40

M-Government – Benefits for citizens ……………………………… 42

M-Government – Benefits for businesses and economic growth ………………………………..46

Bibliography………………………. 50

Chapter 3. Understanding m-government adoption ………………………………………….51

The inherent value of m-government………………………. 52

Adoption factors…………………52

Mobile value chain ……………. 54

Key players and stakeholders across the value chain………… 55

Stakeholders’ partnerships and collaboration …………………….. 57

Bibliography………………………. 60

Chapter 4. Prerequisites for agility and ubiquity………………………………………….. 61

Evolving public service delivery ………………………………………….. 62

Deployment and feasibility …………………………………………….64

Changes in user acceptance and cultural adaption ………………… 66

Key barriers and challenges ……………………………………………. 67

Bibliography……………………….. 78

Chapter 5. Technology options for mobile solutions………………………………………………81

Introduction ……………………….. 82

Voice channel ……………………… 82

Signalling channel ……………… 82

Data channel: Mobile messaging categories …………………………….84

Back-end information systems and enterprise architecture………………………… 88

Technical issues ………………….. 89

Security and identity management………………………. 90

Broadband ………………………..91

Integration …………………………. 95

Interoperability ………………….. 96

Accessibility………………………… 97

Location-based services …………………………………………… 98

Social networking………………. 99

Open source …………………….. 100

Next trends on the mobile market ……………………………….101

Bibliography……………………….105

Chapter 6. M-Vision and a call for action…………………………..107

Reaching the critical mass ……………………………………………108

Examples of m-government application in policy areas ……………………………………………110

Planning ahead ………………….114

A checklist for the future …………………………………………..114

Bibliography………………………118

Annex A. M-Government projects compendium………………………………………….119

Figures

Figure 1.1 Global ICT developments, 2000-2010 ……………………………………………..17

Figure 1.2 Key performance metrics ………………………………..18

Figure 1.3 Overview of conventional, electronic, and mobile government concepts ……………………………. 19

Figure 2.1 Primary delivery models of m-government ………………………………………….. 26

Figure 2.2 Stages of connected government ……………………………………………28

Figure 3.1 Mobile e-Development Model ……………………………………………53

Figure 3.2 M-Government value chain model ……………………….54

Figure 3.3 Telecom investment per capita ………………………..56

Figure 3.4 M-Government business model …………………. 58

Figure 4.1 Development of service concepts ……………….. 62

Figure 4.2 Mobile government service implementation challenges …………………………..68

Figure 5.1 Characteristics of new computing cycles ………………..86

Figure 5.2 Strengths and weaknesses of mobile channels ………………………………………….. 87

Figure 5.3 Integrated m-services framework………………………… 89

Figure 5.4 Growth of mobile Internet ……………………………. 93

Figure 5.5 Mobile broadband penetration by region, per 100 inhabitants, 2010………………..93

Figure 5.6 Cellular mobile subscribers per 100 inhabitants, 2009, 2G and 3G……………….. 94

Figure 5.7 3G cellular mobile adoption, 3G subscribers as a percentage of total subscribers ……………….. 94

Boxes

Box 2.1 Mobile payment ……………………………………………35

Box 2.2 Turkey – SMS judicial information system …………………………………………….41

Box 2.3 mGive platform………………………………44

Box 2.4 Estonia – Mobile ID ……………………………………………45

Box 2.5 The Republic of Korea – Mobile Public Procurement Service ……………………………… 46

Box 2.6 Mobile Technology ……………………………………………46

Box 2.7 Singapore – Mobile Government Programme ……………………………………………48

Box 5.1 Finnish Mobile Signature ………………………………………….. 92

Box 5.2 Generating innovation ……………………………………………102

CONTENTS

1 Introduction

2 The world picture

6 Regional summaries

11 The Americas

12 Argentina

13 Aruba

14 Bahamas

14 Barbados

15 Belize

16 Bermuda

17 Bolivia

18 Brazil

20 Canada

22 Cayman Island

22 Chile

24 Colombia

25 Costa Rica

27 Cuba

28 Curacao

29 Dominica Republic

30 Ecuador

32 El Salvador

33 Guatemala

35 Guyana

36 Haiti

37 Honduras

39 Jamaica

40 Mexico

42 Nicaragua

43 Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States

44 Panama

46 Paraguay

47 Peru

49 Puerto Rico

50 St. Maarten

50 Suriname

51 Trinidad and Tobago

52 Turks and Caicos Islands

53 United States of America

54 Uruguay

56 Venezuela

58 Asia and Australasia

59 Afghanistan

60 Australia

61 Bangadesh

62 Bhutan

63 Brunei

64 Cambodia

65 China

67 Hong Kong

68 India

69 Indonesia

70 Japan

72 Laos

73 Macau

74 Malaysia

75 Mongolia

76 Myanmar (Burma)

77 Nepal

78 New Zealand

79 North Korea

80 Pacific Islands

80 Fiji

81 Samoa

82 Solomon Islands

83 Tonga

83 Vanuatu

84 Pakistan

85 Papua New Guinea

87 Philippines

88 Singapore

89 South Korea

91 Sri Lanka

92 Taiwan

93 Thailand

95 Timor-Leste

95 Vietnam

97 Eastern Europe

98 Albania

99 Armenia

100 Azerbaijan

101 Belarus

102 Bosnia and Hercegovina

104 Bulgaria

105 Croatia

107 Czech Republic

108 Estonia

109 Georgia

110 Hungary

112 Kazakhstan

113 Kyrgyz Republic

114 Latvia

116 Lithuania

117 Macedonia

119 Moldova

120 Montenegro

121 Poland

123 Romania

124 Russia

126 Serbia

127 Slovakia

129 Slovenia

130 Tajikistan

131 Turkmenistan

132 Ukraine

134 Uzbekistan

136 Middle East and North Africa

136 Algeria

138 Bahrain

139 Egypt

141 Iran

142 Iraq

144 Israel

145 Jordan

146 Kuwait

148 Lebanon

149 Libya

151 Morocco

152 Oman

154 Palestinian Territories

155 Qatar

156 Saudi Arabia

158 Sudan

159 Syria

161 Tunisia

162 United Arab Emirates

163 Yemen

165 Sub-Saharan Africa

166 Angola

167 Benin

168 Botswana

170 Burkina Faso

171 Burundi

172 Cameroon

173 Cape Verde

174 Central African Republic

175 Chad

176 Comoros

177 Congo (Brazzaville)

178 Cote d’Ivoire

179 Democratic Republic of Congo

180 Djibouti

181 Equatorial Guinea

183 Eritrea

183 Ethiopia

185 Gabon

186 Cambia, The

187 Ghana

188 Guinea

189 Guinea-Bissau

190 Kenya

191 Lesotho

192 Liberia

193 Madagascar

194 Malawi

195 Mali

196 Mauritania

197 Mauritius

198 Mozambique

200 Namibia

201 Niger

202 Nigeria

204 Rwanda

205 Sao Tomé and Príncipe

206 Senegal

207 Seychelles

208 Sierra Leone

209 Somalia

209 South Africa

211 Swaziland

212 Tanzania

213 Togo

214 Uganda

216 Zambia

217 Zimbabwe

219 Western Europe

219 Austria

221 Belgium

222 Cyprus

224 Denmark

225 Finland

227 France

228 Germany

230 Greece

231 Iceland

233 Ireland

234 Italy

236 Luxembourg

237 Malta

238 The Netherlands

240 Norway

241 Portugal

243 Spain

244 Sweden

246 Switzerland

247 Turkey

249 United Kingdom

ISBN: 9789264115620 (PDF)
ISBN: 9789264115613 (PRINT)
Pages: 234
Published date: 15 Sept. 2011

ISBN: 9789264115620 (PDF)

ISBN: 9789264115613 (PRINT)

Pages: 234

Published: 15 Sep 2011

Table of contents
· Foreword
· Executive Summary
· Chapter 1. Environmental Policy Design Characteristics and Innovation
· Chapter 2. Environmental Policy, Multilateral Environmental Agreements and International Markets for Innovation
· Chapter 3. Innovation in Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies: The Role of Prices, Standards and R&D
· Chapter 4. Diverting Waste: The Role of Innovation
· Chapter 5. Innovation in Selected Areas of Green Chemistry
· Chapter 6. Policy Conclusions
· Annex A. Methodological Issues in the Development of Indicators of Innovation and Transfer in Environmental Technologies
· Annex B. Patent Search Strategies
· Annex C. Glossary of Relevant Patent and Related Terms
· Annex D. Patent Data at OECD.Stat

ISBN: 9789264115644 (PDF)
ISBN: 9789264115637 (PRINT)
Pages: 200
Published date: 14 Sept. 2011

SBN: 9789264115644 (PDF)
ISBN: 9789264115637
(PRINT)
Pages: 200
Published: 14 Sep 2011

Table of contents

Part I: The economic and social role and legal responsibilities of Internet intermediaries
Chapter 1. Internet intermediaries: Definitions, economic models and role in the value chain
Chapter 2. Developments in Internet intermediary markets
Chapter 3. Social and economic purposes of Internet intermediaries
Chapter 4. The legal responsibilities of Internet intermediaries, their business practices and self- or co-regulatory codes

Part II: Case studies in different policy areas
Chapter 5. Global free flow of information
Chapter 6. ISPs and malicious software (malware) security threats
Chapter 7. Illegal content and child-inappropriate content
Chapter 8. Illegal Internet gambling
Chapter 9. Copyright infringement
Chapter 10. Online marketplaces and the sale of counterfeit goods
Chapter 11. Consumer protection in e-commerce payments

Part III: June 2010 OECD Workshop on “The Role of Internet Intermediaries in Advancing Public Policy Objectives”
Chapter 12. Main points emerging from the workshop
Annex A. Examples of issues related to the role of Internet intermediaries
Annex B. Transposition of the 2000 EC E-commerce Directive into national law and transposition of the Directive on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society of May 2001

ISBN: 9789264119567
Pages: 140
Published date:October 2011

ISBN:9789264119567
Pages: 140
Published: October 2011

Table of contents
Executive summary
Chapter 1. Introduction – Scope and drivers for industrial biotechnology
Chapter 2. Emerging synthetic enabling technologies
Chapter 3. Trends in industry and products
Chapter 4. Current high-visibility industrial biotechnology products
Chapter 5. Business organisation and finance in industrial biotechnology
Chapter 6. Biotechnology policy – Developments, implications and conclusions 

ISBN: 9789264119499
Pages: 160
Published date: Sept 2011

Table of contents:

Executive summary

Chapter 1. Public research institutions in national innovation systems

Chapter 2. A statistical view of public research institutions

Chapter 3. The evolving public research institution sector – institutes and their orientations

Chapter 4. Operational features of public research institutions – trends and arrangements

Chapter 5. Public research institution linkages and internationalisation

Chapter 6. Implications of change – public research institutions’ performance and policy agenda